Public school taxes involve two figures which divide the school district’s budget into two “buckets.”
The first is the Maintenance & Operations (M&O) budget, also known as the General Fund. This is used to pay for the day-to-day operations of a district and includes items such as salaries, utilities, food, gas, supplies, etc.
The second is the Interest & Sinking (I&S) budget or Debt Service. This fund is used to repay debt for capital improvements approved by voters through bond elections. This fund is similar to a mortgage or home improvement loan.
Funds from a bond issue can be used for the construction and renovation of facilities, the acquisition of land, and the purchase of capital items, such as equipment, technology, and transportation. By law, I&S funds cannot be used for the M&O budget, which means voter-approved bonds cannot be used to increase salaries or to pay for rising costs of utilities or services. For residents 65 years and older, their school district tax bill will not increase, even if their property values increase (excluding new property improvements) as long as an approved Homestead and Over-65 Exemption application is on file with the San Patricio County Appraisal District, and the property has been owned as of Jan. 1 of the tax year.
For more information about Homestead and Over-65 Exemptions, visit https://sanpatcad.org/forms/ or click here for the Residence Homestead Exemption Application http://bisfiles.co/sites/shared/forms/50-114.pdf

• How do school bonds work?
  Likened to a home mortgage, a voter-approved school bond allows a school district to borrow funds to finance capital projects. The Board of Trustees authorizes bond elections, and State law grants the Board the authority to sell bonds.
• How are Texas schools funded?
  A school district’s tax rate consists of two parts:
  • Maintenance and Operations (M & O) which funds the General Operating Fund, which pays for salaries, supplies, utilities, insurance, equipment, and the other costs of day-to-day operations.
  • Debt Service (Interest & Sinking or I & S) can be used for a variety of special purposes, assuming voter approval. For example, they may finance facility construction and renovation projects, acquire land, or purchase capital equipment, such as technology, and transportation, such as buses.
• Where does the I&S money come from?
  From school bonds. Likened to a home mortgage, a voter-approved school bond allows a school district to borrow funds. The Board of Trustees authorizes bond elections, and Texas law grants the Board the authority to sell bonds.
• Prior to any bond vote, a volunteer citizen committee is usually created to develop a bond package for presentation to the Board of Trustees
  The Board approves the bond package – the specific uses of bond monies and the estimated costs for each project included in the bond.
  After voter approval, the school district can sell bonds to investors who are repaid their principal plus interest. Payout is limited by law to 40 years. The district sells bonds that mature at different times, so bond expenditures for items with a shorter lifespan are paid off before the purchase becomes obsolete. This also allows the district to capture the lowest interest rates available.
  Importantly, bonds do not cost the district anything until they are sold. A district receives a higher rating due to the guarantee by the Texas Permanent School fund, having a strong fund balance, and maintaining a record of financial management excellence. Of course, market conditions will affect the actual interest rates, which may be higher or lower than the original estimates.
• Why is bonding a good idea?
  As state agencies, school districts rely on M&O funds to pay for the day-to-day education of the district's children.
  Bonds allow districts to spread the cost of expensive projects across time without affecting the district’s normal educational operations. Also, bond funds all stay with the district, and they are not subject to state recapture, fluctuations in revenue due to state mandates, or other negative economic influences. In short, bonds save and protect taxpayers while allowing for essential, ongoing facility development and other capital expenses to be funded.
• How do bonds work?
  Voters approve a specific dollar amount— or the maximum amount the district is allowed to sell without another election. The school district may then sell their bonds as ‘municipal’ bonds when funds are needed for capital projects, usually once or twice a year.
  The interest rate paid is based on the district’s bond rating and the interest rates in effect at the time of sale.
  Districts benefit if they have a higher bond rating, meaning a lower interest could be charged. Principal and interest on the bonds are repaid over an extended period with funds from the Debt Service tax rate. (Source: TASB).
• Thus, there are two parts to any bond process:
  1) bond authorization that specifies the amount of bonds the district is authorized by the voters to sell, and:
  2) bond sales that may occur over a period of time with the date and amount of each sale determined by the Board on an as-needed basis. (TASB).
  Note that a district is not obligated to spend all the authorized monies but cannot exceed the authorization.